challenges in operating future power
systems incorporating variable and/or uncertain renewable energy sources
Flexibility needs of the power system
Ability of individual components to
contribute towards system support services
generation, loads and storage
load following, spinning reserve,
inertial support
System impacts
User comfort for discretionary loads, thermal plant ramping requirements, state of charge of electric vehicles
Eamonn Lannoye : Power System Flexibility
FLEXIBILITY
is the ability of a power system
to use its resources to meet changes in net load
Measure Flexibility
Generation planning including flexibility
Decision variables to build units
in unit commitment
Include needs for ramping and sub
hourly intervals
Insufficient Ramp Resource Expectation
Analysis of system dispatches
Include operational issues at planning
stage
Simplified Flexibility Assessment
Conclusion
Flexibility
of increasing importance in power systems
The
inclusion of flexibility at the long-term planning stage may ensure real time
operability
A number of values are required in order to fully characterise the flexibility of a system
Major
increase in renewable power penetration
Simulation studies assess future system security
Network loading
Fault levels
Voltage control and stability
requirements
System
flexibility requirements
Dynamic,
transient and small signal stability
System wide dynamic inertia including load
Load inertia is really important in our system.
What is inertia?
System
dynamic inertia
Rotating mass stored energy
Limits to rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)
Load
inertia
Part of system dynamic inertia
Frequency sensitive loads
Distributed across the system
Varies with time of day/week/year
Conclusion:
Event-based
methodology can be deployed for system-wide inertia estimation
Load inertia varies significantly with time
of day, week and year
More HVDC connections → reduction in system
inertia
Future changes in load type(s) requires
ongoing estimation of load inertia
Need for a real-time system wide inertia
estimator based on on-line measurement
quantities (future work)
Lisa Ruttledge Wind Generation Flexibility
Conclusion:
Lisa Ruttledge Wind Generation Flexibility
Conclusion:
Wind generation can provide flexibility
Differs from conventional generation
Geographical
distribution
ROCOF
protection/generation issues
Tuning
of active controls
Over frequency events
Eamon Keane: Power System Services From EVs
Ancillary services are “those services, aside from energy, which are necessary for the secure operation of the power system
Categories:
Conclusion:
EV availability for contingency reserve depends on time of day/week/year and range anxiety of users
Network restrictions at higher EV penetrations
Benefits if charged in sympathy with system ramping needs
System ramping periods less predictable going forward
Tariffs/real-time pricing to incentivize behaviour
Eamon Keane: Power System Services From EVs
Ancillary services are “those services, aside from energy, which are necessary for the secure operation of the power system
Categories:
Frequency
regulation
Contingency
reserve
Spinning
vs. non-spinning
Flexible
ramping reserve
Conclusion:
EV availability for contingency reserve depends on time of day/week/year and range anxiety of users
Network restrictions at higher EV penetrations
Benefits if charged in sympathy with system ramping needs
System ramping periods less predictable going forward
Tariffs/real-time pricing to incentivize behaviour
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