Energy Network

Dr Andrew Kean are introducing is group. They focus their research on Smart Grid.
"How do we address the changes on the grid? We are really focus on infrastructure and to maintain the supply demand reliable and consistent."
The distribution systems generation weren't designed originally so we are to implement the structure to support it.  They work to flexible demand and EV Vehicles and how to optimise the resources.

Jerry O’Sullivan present Peter Richardson Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in Low Voltage Electricity Networks

Existing network not designed to accommodate flexible load and EV o microCHP

Impact Assessment to investigate the impact of increasing penetration of DER units.
Test residential network and use deterministic analysis to assessed network limits.

Controlling charge for high penetration of EV utilise network sensitivities to determine optimal charging rates.

Voltage drop against the uncontrolled charge of EV vs controlled charge.

Controlled Charge:

Larger number of EVs allowed to charge compared to uncontrolled case

More efficient use of network capacity increases total energy delivered

Defer costly upgrading of network infrastructure

Do we need a centralised controlled?

CONCLUSION

High penetrations of uncontrolled DER may cause operational issues on existing LV networks

Centralised control of DER units

More efficient use of existing network capacity

Allows for higher penetration of DER devices

Local control method

Requires only local network information

Less communications infrastructure

Mario Džamarija : Optimal Operation of Distributed Wind Generation


Objective:

Medium scale -> medium voltage network, 38 kV

Non-firm generation -> curtailment

Planning

Operation

Distributed generation (DG) reactive power (Q) resource


Operation

AC Optimal Power Flow tool (AC OPF)

Nonlinear Programming

Planning AC OPF model

Operation AC OPF model

Conclusion:

59% increase in energy harvesting from non-firm DWG

92% extra cap. (27 MW) utilized, 96.7% wind energy exported

REQUIREMENTS: Q absorption of WF’s to deal with V rise

SIDE-EFFECT: High wind power triggers simultaneous binding V and I constraint

hinders from using full Q capability

Paul Cuffe: Reactive Support from Distributed Resources

Transmission reactive planning considers siting and sizing resources

Reactive power in distribution studies used to avoid constraints and minimise losses

What reactive capability can DG provide at the transmission level?

What capability is required by transmission system as conventional plant is displaced?

Conclusion:

Distributed reactive power capability
- Comes “free” with many renewable generators – need to harness it
- Contingent on distribution system conditions
- Needs to be included in transmission system planning
- Effective characterisation identifies potential voltage problems

Future work

-System unit commitment including regional reactive power constraints

-Enhanced passive voltage control settings for DG

Dr Eknath Vitta: Transient Stability Impacts from Distribution Connected Wind Farms

Ireland has approximately 50% of wind generation in the distribution system

What are the stability impacts of the distribution connected wind?

How can the wind be controlled to improve the stability of the transmission system?

the objective:

As the reactive power control strategy of the wind farms changes:

How is the stability of the conventional synchronous units impacted?

How does the system response to a fault change?

Overall, the goal is to assess the dynamic impact of voltage control at the distribution level and how that impacts the stability of the system at the transmission level

Conclusion:

Distribution connected wind with power electronics can be beneficial to system performance

The unique characteristics of the network help damp voltage drops

Improving the system voltage directly impacts the rotor angle stability of conventional synchronous units in the system

Transmission connected wind needs to provide control otherwise system security decreases